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Objective To investigate the correlation between the use density of antibiotic and antifungal drugs and the positive rate of aspergillus in our hospital from 2009 to 2013,in order to provide a scientific basis for rational use of antibiotic and antifungal drugs. Methods The use density of carbapenems,two third-generation cephalosporins,and antifungal drugs,and the positive rate of aspergillus in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 were studied retrospectively. Their correlation was analyzed using SPSS software. Results There was significantly positive correlation between the use density of imipenem and that of fluconazole (r=0.913,P<0.05).The use density of biapenem was positively correlated with that of voriconazole (r=0.915,P<0.05).The use density of biapenem and that of voriconazole was positively correlated with positive rate of aspergillus,respectively ( r=0.918,r=0.955,both P<0.05).The other antibiotic and antifungal drugs were not significantly correlated to the positive rate of aspergillus.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of combined use of cefoperazone/sulbactam(CFS),meropenem(MRP)with le-vofloxacin (LVX) on mutant prevention concentration for Acinetobacter baumannii so as to provide a experimental foundation for preventing bacterial drug resistance. METHODS:In the test,there were groups of single use of CFS,MRP and LVX,and groups of combined use of CFS+LVX and MRP+LVX. Double dilution agar method was used to respectively detect minimal inhibitory con-centration (MIC) for standard Acinetobacter baumannii strains ATCC 19606 and 36 clinically isolated strains in all groups,and then the index of fraction inhibitory concentration(FIC)was calculated. Agar dilution method on plates was employed to detect mu-tant prevention concentration (MPC) for Acinetobacter baumannii in all groups,and then corresponding selection index (SI) was calculated. RESULTS:After combined use of CFS or MRP with LVX,synergistic effect accounted for 55%(20/36)and 50%(18/36). For standard strain ATCC 19606,after combined use of CFS+LVX and MRP+LVX,MPC reduced from 32.0 and 4.0 mg/L to 1.8 and 0.8 mg/L;For 36 clinically isolated strains,after combined use of CFS+LVX and MRP+LVX,MPC reduced from 8.0-32.0 and 1.0-2.0 mg/L to 0.25-1.0 and 0.25-0.5 mg/L. SI were all obviously reduced after combination. CONCLUSIONS:The combina-tion of CFS or MRP with LVX can reduce MPC for Acinetobacter baumannii more significantly than the single use,and narrow mu-tant selection window.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical care in PIVAS of our hospital,and to improve the quality and level of pharmaceutical care. METHODS:Combined with the actual situation of our hospital,various measures which had been carried out in PIVAS of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,and the effects of pharmaceutical care were also analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Through strengthening safety awareness,formulating effective management system,continuous op-timization process to guarantee the quality of drug dispensing,and focusing on the ability to improve the quality of the team,an ef-fective improvement has gained in the quality of pharmaceutical care. The proportion of irrational medical order of anti-tumor intra-venous drug use has decreased from 0.62% in 2008 to 0.09% in 2012. 1 363 irrational medical orders have been checked out dur-ing Jul.-Dec. of 2014,accounting for 0.39% in total. The satisfactory degree of clinical staff has increased from 80.0% to 98.5%. PIVAS has a positive role in promoting pharmaceutical care.
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Aim To study the change of mutant pre- vention concentration (MPC) in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) treated with moxi- floxacin ( MFX ) and/ or cefoperazone/ sulbactam (CFS) in vitro, and provide a theoretical support for preventing the bacterial resistance. Methods To cal- culate the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) in- dex, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 clinical isolates of CRAB treated with MFX and/ or CFS was determined by checkerboard microdilution as- say. In addition, to calculate the selection index (SI), the MPC of 20 clinical isolates of CRAB treated with MFX and/ or CFS was determined by agar plate di- lution assay. Results Our study showed that there was synergistic/ addictive action, rather than antago- nism action against clinical isolates of CRAB when treated with MFX + CFS. The SI of the 20 isolates trea- ted with MFX or CFS alone was 4 ~128 and 8 ~64 re- spectively, but reduced to 1 ~8 and 4 ~16 when trea- ted with MFX + CFS, which decreased by 2 ~16 and 2 ~4 times respectively compared with the single treat- ment. Conclusion These results suggest that the combination treatment of MFX + CFS against clinical isolates of CRAB might lower the MPC of the isolates treated with MFX/ CFS alone, narrow the mutant selec- tion window, and prevent the generation of drug - re- sistant mutants.
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OBJECTIVE:To recommend a monitoring system,Prescription Automatic Screening System(PASS)for rational drug use in clinic in order to improve the rationality of drug use.METHODS:1 200 hospitalization case files were randomly selected,96 800 medical orders of medications were monitored by PASS,and the results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The total rate of irrational drug use was 2.28%,among which the drug interaction counted for 88.46%and drug incompatibility 11.54%.CONCLUSION:PASS can efficiently monitor the irrational drug use in medical order,hence prevent and reduce adverse drug reactions,therefore it should be widely used in clinic.However,PASS has some limits and needs further improvement.
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AIM:To evaluate the economic effectiveness of different therapeutic schemes for benign prostatic hypertrophy METHODS:175 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were divided into 4 groups:A,B,C and D They received different drugs,A:tamsulosin(34),B:prostat(45),C:tedenan(46) and D:qiangliexin(50) RESULTS:The costs of A,B,C,D schemes were RMB 492 80,499 52,526 40 and 664 16 yuans,respectively,and the effective ratios were 85 3%,82 2%,80 4% and 80 0%,respectively CONCLUSION:According to the evaluation with pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis,A is the best scheme
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AIM: To investigate the effect of oral clarithromycin on serum concentrations of aminophylline at steady state and its pharmacokinetics in New Zealand rabbits. METHODS: The serum concentration of aminophylline was determined by FPIA in rabbits given(po) aminophylline or aminophylline combined with clarithomycin. The experiment was divided into 2 stages: (Ⅰ)the subjects only received a four day course of oral aminophylline until steady state;(Ⅱ)aminophylline and clarithromycin were coadministrated from the d 5 to d 10. The dose of aminophylline was 30 mg?kg -1 and the dose of clarithromycin was 50 mg?kg -1 for each rabbit. The two series of pharmacokineticis parameters were tested by statistic analysis. RESAULTS: There was no significant variation in pharmacokinetic parameters between two stages. CONCLUSION: It is not necessary to change the therapeutic dose of aminophylline when the drug is taken in combination with clarithromycin.
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The changes of alanine amino-transferase (ALT) in plasma, glutathione (GSH) in the whole blood, the malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver's tissue in mice were studied in the group with azathioprine (Aza) 10 mg?kg-1?d-1 and in the group with Aza mixed selenium (Se) 1 mg ?kg-1?d-l for 1 and 2 weeks. The results showed that in the Aza group, the levels of ALT, MDA increased and that of GSH, GSH-Px decreased significantly at 1 wk and 2 wk. But in the Se group the levels of ALT, MDA decreased and that of GSH, GSH-Px increased significantly, which approached the nor-mal level. The hepatocytes degeneration and necrosis were observed by light microscope in Aza group but not in Se group. The results indicated that Se had protective effects on Aza hepa-totoxicity in mice.